伯戈医生写道,尽管自恋无法和某一种特定的家庭背景挂钩,但是“有数量惊人的极端自恋者曾经经历过早期的创伤或损失”,诸如父母遗弃等等。他描述的若干著名自恋者,包括兰斯·阿姆斯特朗(Lance Armstrong)在内,他们的家庭生活都历过“多次婚姻失败、极度贫困,以及身体和情感暴力”。
As a diagnosable personality disorder, narcissism occurs more often in males than females, often developing in the teenage years or early adulthood and becoming more extreme with age. It occurs in an estimated 0.5 percent of the general population, and 6 percent of people who have encounters with the law who have mental or emotional disorders. One study from Italy found that narcissistic personality traits were present in as many as 17 percent of first-year medical students.
作为一种可诊断的人格失调,自恋在男性中比在女性中更为高发,通常是在青少年和成年初期开始发展,随着年龄增长走向极端。它在人口中的发病率约为0.5%,6%涉及违法的人群都有精神或情感失调方面的问题。一项意大利的研究表明,多达17%的一年级医学专业学生有自恋人格的特征。
As bosses and romantic partners, narcissists can be insufferable, demanding perfection, highly critical and quick to rip apart the strongest of egos. Employee turnover in companies run by narcissists and divorce rates in people married to them are high.
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