英语中把代人受罪、替人“背锅”的人称为“scapegoat”,意思就是替罪羊,把家族中有辱门第的成员称为“black sheep”,相当于中文里的败家子、害群之马。可你知道为什么替罪的、败家的偏偏是羊,而不是猫、狗、猪、牛或者其他动物吗?
Scapegoat
例句:
I don't think I deserve to be made the scapegoat for a couple of bad results.
我认为我不该为出现的一些不良后果充当替罪羊。
The word scapegoat was first coined by English Protestant scholar William Tyndale in his 1530 English translation of the Bible, according to a book written by David Dawson. Tyndale, who was deciphering Hebrew descriptions of Yom Kippur rituals from the Book of Leviticus, recounted a ceremony in which one of two goats was selected by lot. A high priest would place his hands on the goat’s head and confess his people's sins— thus transferring them to the animal—before casting it out into the wilderness to rid Israel of its transgressions. As for the other goat, it would be sacrificed to the Lord.
根据大卫•达沃森的著作,scapegoat(替罪羊)一词是英国新教学者威廉•廷代尔最先发明的,他在1530年的英译版《圣经》中创造了这个词。廷代尔将《利未记》中关于犹太人赎罪日仪式的希伯来文描述翻译成英文,在这个仪式上,两只山羊中有一只被命运选中。大祭司要把手放在被选中的那只山羊头顶,以宽恕上帝的子民犯下的罪行(这个动作表示把罪恶转移到山羊身上),然后将山羊放生,从而帮以色列人赎罪。至于另外一只羊,则将作为牺牲献给上帝。
【替罪羊(scapegoat)、败家羊(black sheep),为何英语中背锅的总是羊】相关文章:
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