中国的战略家是首批划出这个新领域的人。1999年,中国两名解放军军官在所著的《超限战》(Unrestricted Warfare)中主张,任何战争不可或缺的三个硬件——士兵、武器和战场——已经发生了天翻地覆的变化。士兵可以包括黑客、金融家和恐怖分子。他们的武器可以从民用飞机、网络浏览器到计算机病毒等,而战场可以是任何地方。
Russian strategic thinkers have also widened their conception of force. Moscow has used traditional military hardware in recent conflicts in Georgia and Ukraine. But it has also launched cyber attacks against both countries as well as Estonia and stands accused of hacking the US presidential election.
俄罗斯战略思想家也拓宽了他们对武力的看法。近年莫斯科在与格鲁吉亚和乌克兰的冲突中动用了传统军事装备。但莫斯科也对这两个国家以及爱沙尼亚发动了网络攻击,还被指对美国总统大选发动了黑客入侵。
More broadly, it has been intensifying its KGB-derived “dezinformatsiya” operations as part of what Professor Mark Galeotti has called “the weaponisation of information”. According to Dmitry Kiselyov, the Russian television anchor and Kremlin propagandist, information wars have become “the main type of warfare”.
在整体层面,俄罗斯强化了当年克格勃(KGB)拿手的“假情报”(dezinformatsiya)行动,马克加莱奥蒂(Mark Galeotti)教授称之为“信息的武器化”。为克里姆林宫摇旗呐喊的俄罗斯电视主持人德米特里基谢廖夫(Dmitry Kiselyov)称,信息战已经成为“战争的主要类型”。
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