高考北京卷英语试题（解析版）_高中英语试卷

高考北京卷英语试题（解析版）

　　D．new regulations are added to the state laws

　　65．What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?

　　A．The overuse of vaccine.

　　B．The lack of medical care.

　　C．The features of measles itself.

　　D．The vaccine opt-outs of some people.

　　66．What is the purpose of the passage?

　　A．To introduce the idea of exemption.

　　B．To discuss methods to cure measles.

　　C．To stress the importance of vaccination.

　　D．To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.

　　【答案】63 B 64 C 65 D 66 C

　　【解析】

　　Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics（控制论）, put it this way “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose which we really desire.”

　　A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.