一些人天生就可以每晚只睡4个小时依然觉得精力充沛。这些人被称为“短眠者”。研究人员相信,这种能力基本上是与特定的基因突变有关,并且研究人员也已公开说明其中一种就是hDEC2基因。
TAS2R38 and the supertaster variant
TAS2R38,变身超级品味家
About a quarter of the population tastes food way more intensely than the rest of us. These 'super tasters' are more likely to put milk and sugar in bitter coffee, or avoid fatty foods. The reason for their reaction, scientists think, is programmed into their genes, specifically one called TAS2R38, the bitter-taste receptor gene.
约四分之一的人在品尝食物的时候,会比我们其他人觉得食物的味道更浓烈。这些“超级品味家”更可能会在苦咖啡中加牛奶和糖,或避免油腻性的食品。科学家认为,他们这种反应的原因是这种特性被编入到基因中,特别是一种被称为TAS2R38的苦味感受基因。
LRP5 and the unbreakable mutation
LRP5,变得坚不可摧
Researchers have identified a genetic mutation on the LRP5 gene that regulates bone-mineral density, which can cause brittle bones. But a different type of mutation on the same gene could also have the opposite effect, giving some people extremely dense bones that are practically unbreakable.
研究人员已确定LRP5基因的遗传突变会调整骨矿密度,而这会使骨骼易碎。但相同基因不同的遗传突变也会有相反的效果,使一些人的骨密度大大增加,并使其骨骼变得坚不可摧。
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