During medieval times, barbers performed surgery on customers, as well as tooth extractions.
在中世纪,理发师为顾客做外科手术,并为顾客拔牙。
The original pole had a brass wash basin at the top (representing the vessel in which leeches were kept) and bottom (representing the basin that received the blood).
原来的柱子上下各有一个黄铜脸盆(上面的表示放水蛭的容器,下面的是盛血的水盆)。
The pole itself represents the staff that the patient gripped during the procedure to encourage blood flow.
杆子本身代表着手术过程中病人紧紧抓着的工作人员,以促进血液流动。
At the Council of Tours in 1163, the clergy was banned from the practice of surgery.
1163年图尔议会禁止神职人员从事外科手术。
From then, physicians were clearly separated from the surgeons and barbers.
从那时起,医生与外科医生和理发师就被清楚地区分开来。
Later, the role of the barbers was defined by the College de Saint-Côme et Saint-Damien, established by Jean Pitard in Paris circa 1210, as academic surgeons of the long robe and barber surgeons of the short robe.
后来,大约在1210年,让·皮塔德在巴黎创办的圣卡米和圣达米恩学院确定了理发师的角色,学术外科医生穿长袍,理发师穿短袍。
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