多巴胺是一种神经递质,是大脑产生的一种化学信使。它在大脑中传递与运动控制、记忆、兴奋和奖励机制等功能相关的信号。
For example, too little dopamine can result in disorders like Parkinson's Disease, involving symptoms of muscle rigidity, tremors and changes in speech and gait. One of the treatments for Parkinson's is the drug L-DOPA, which can cross the blood-brain barrier and be converted into dopamine to help ease the symptoms.
例如,多巴胺过低会导致帕金森氏症等疾病,引起肌肉僵硬、颤抖以及言语能力和步态的改变等症状。L-DOPA是治疗帕金森氏症的药物之一,它可以穿过血脑屏障,转化为多巴胺,帮助缓解症状。
Dopamine is also important in the reward system in the brain. It is activated by primary rewards like food, sex and drugs.
多巴胺在大脑的奖励机制中也很重要。它可以被食物、性和毒品等基本奖励激活。
Importantly, the brain's reward system can "learn" over time – cues in our environment that we associate with potential rewards can increase the activity of dopamine even in the absence of an actual reward. So just being in a sweet shop and thinking about sweets can activate our brain's dopamine.
重要的是,随着时间的推移,大脑的奖励机制还可以“学习”,例如,即使没有真正的奖励,但我们联想到环境中潜在奖励的线索也可以增加多巴胺的活动。所以,在糖果店里,只是想着糖果就可以激活我们大脑中的多巴胺。
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