Of the S&P 500 companies that have reported by far, more than 70 percent delivered earnings that topped analyst expectations, according to FactSet.

Travel-related stocks including airlines were under pressure this week as Wall Street weighed potential impact of the novel coronavirus outbreak.

Investors also closely followed news about the U.S. central bank's policy.

The U.S. Federal Reserve on Wednesday left interest rates unchanged and maintained a wait-and-see stance after wrapping up its first monetary policy meeting of 2020.

"The Committee judges that the current stance of monetary policy is appropriate to support sustained expansion of economic activity, strong labor market conditions, and inflation returning to the Committee's symmetric 2 percent objective," the Fed said in a statement after the meeting, referring to the central bank's policy-making committee.

On the data front, U.S. economic growth slowed to 2.3 percent in 2019 and had an annual rate of 2.1 percent in the fourth quarter in the "advance" estimate, the U.S. Commerce Department reported Thursday.

The slowdown in real gross domestic product (GDP) growth in 2019, compared to 2.9 percent in 2018, primarily reflected decelerations in nonresidential fixed investment and personal consumption expenditures and a downturn in exports.

In the week ending Jan. 25, U.S. initial jobless claims, a rough way to measure layoffs, stood at 216,000, a decrease of 7,000 from the previous week's revised level, the Department of Labor said on Thursday. The previous week's level was revised up by 12,000 from 211,000 to 223,000.

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