任何外在的惩罚都不是改变学生内在动机的原因,正如任何外在的表扬也不是改变学生内在动机的原因一样。当学生做了一件正确的事情,我们因为真切地接受并佩服他在这件事情中表现出来的能力与品质,从而对他的这种能力与品质进行表扬。当他接受我们对他这种能力与品质进行表扬,并以此确认自己的努力方向时,学生才会因此更加勤奋地做更多的正确事情。因此,我们的表扬是外在的原因,学生对我们表扬的内化才是催生他更加勤奋学习的真正原因。同样的道理,当学生做了一件不正确的事情时,我们首先得找到产生这件不正确事情的根本原因是什么,然后再宽容学生无法回避的因素,批评学生可以回避但没有回避的因素;于是,学生会通过教师的批评来反思自己的行为,并重新规划自己的行为。因此,真正导致学生行为转变的,并不是教师的外在批评与惩罚,而是学生对教师外在批评与惩罚的反思与接受。
Any external punishment is not the reason to change students' internal motivation, just as any external praise is not the reason to change students' internal motivation. When a student does a right thing, we praise his ability and quality because we really accept and admire his ability and quality. When he accepts our praise for his ability and quality and confirms his direction of efforts, students will be more diligent to do more right things. Therefore, our praise is the external reason, and the internalization of students' praise is the real reason for them to work harder. In the same way, when students do an incorrect thing, we must first find out the root cause of the incorrect thing, and then forgive the factors that students can't avoid, criticizing the factors that students can avoid but don't avoid; therefore, students will reflect on their own behavior through teachers' criticism, and re plan their own behavior. Therefore, what really leads to the change of students' behavior is not teachers' external criticism and punishment, but students' reflection and acceptance of teachers' external criticism and punishment.
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