曾在美国海军服役的昆虫学家约瑟夫·M·康伦告诉健康网说:“这是一个相当复杂的过程。” 康伦在蚊虫控制方面有着丰富的全球经验,也是美国控蚊协会的技术顾问。“首先,蚊子必须在叮咬过程中吸收足够的病毒。病毒不仅必须在消化过程中存活下来,还必须在蚊子体内进行复制,并通过肠壁进入体腔。之后还必须到达唾液腺,并作为唾液分泌物释放出来。”
Furthermore, mosquitoes are very genetically different from humans. “This makes it challenging for viruses to have the ability to infect both of us,” says Gallichotte. “We have different receptors on the surface of cells and different replication machinery inside our cells.”
此外,蚊子的基因和人类大不相同。盖丽洛特说:“这让病毒难以既感染人类又感染蚊虫。我们的细胞表面有不同的感受器,细胞内部的复制机制也不同。”
Relatively few human viruses have the ability to infect both humans and mosquitoes. “The vast majority of human viruses (such as influenza, HIV, and herpes) have been infecting humans for a very very long time, and even though many of these end up in our blood, they are still unable to infect mosquitoes,” says Gallichotte. “Conversely, there are many mosquito viruses that are unable to infect humans, or any mammals. There are no known coronaviruses that can infect mosquitoes.”
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