Past studies on the effects of rewards and punishments on behavior have been unclear, said the authors.
该研究的作者表示,过去那些有关奖罚机制对人们行为表现影响的研究结果都不够明确。
According to the research, in some situations it may be better to deduct points when students are wrong rather than reward them for correct answers. This may help students avoid making the same mistake again.
根据这项研究,有时候规定学生答错题的时候倒扣分比答对题的时候加分更好。这可能会帮助学生们下次不再犯同样的错误。
Co-author and psychologist Prof Richard Adams said: "The question of how rewards and punishments influence behavior has occupied psychologists for over 100 years.
该研究报告的合作者、心理学家理查德·亚当斯教授说:“奖罚机制会对人们产生怎样的影响是心理学家们近100多年来都在思考的问题。
"The difficulty has been devising effective tasks to probe that question. We used a simple approach that reveals dramatic differences in the way people respond to different types of feedback."
“解决这个问题的困难在于设计一种可以有效回答它的实验方法。我们采用了一种十分简单的方法来揭示人们针对不同类型反馈产生的相当不同的反应。
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