环保节水一厢情愿的政策难奏效_时事

环保节水一厢情愿的政策难奏效

We see this sharply in the debate over nuclear power. We want to reduce the greenhouse gasemissions that result from burning fossil fuels. We also want to avoid radioactive waste and therisk of radiation leaks. In response to a genuine policy dilemma, politicians have tended toplump for wishful thinking every time, typically involving wind turbines.

在关于核能的辩论中，我们更清楚地看到了同样一幕。我们想减少燃烧化石燃料带来的温室气体排放。我们也想避免放射性废料以及辐射泄漏的风险。在回应这一真正的政策两难时，政客们每次都倾向于选择一厢情愿的思维方式，通常都涉及风力涡轮机。

The third lesson is that the much-vaunted notion of “nudging doesn’t always help navigate acomplicated policy maze. Nudging means using default options, information design and similartechniques to achieve policy goals. It can be very successful. But careless nudges are no morewelcome in public policy than at a domino-toppling event. If you pick a questionable target(bottled water) and fudge a key policy dilemma (the environment vs health) then nudgingisn’t going to solve your problems.

第三个教训是，备受吹捧的“轻推概念并不总能帮助我们走出政策迷宫。“轻推意味着使用默认的选项、信息设计以及相似的技术来实现政策目标。它可以很成功。但粗心的“轻推在公共政策领域不比它在推倒多米诺骨牌的游戏中更受欢迎。如果你选择了一个有问题的目标(瓶装水)并随随便便制造出一个重要的政策困境(环境vs健康)，那么“轻推将不会解决你的问题。

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