例18:--Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.
-- Well. He ______ have gone far----his coat’s still here.(2005湖北)
A. shouldn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t D. wouldn’t
分析:can’t have gone far 在此表示现在对过去所发生事情的否定推测,意思为“现在不可能走远了”;答案为C。
三、考查情态动词的虚拟用法
例19:—I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
--You________ her last week. (2004福建)
A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D. should have told
分析:对过去发生事情的责备或遗憾应用“情态动词+have + v-ed”,据此可排除答案A、C,而would+have +v-ed常用于过去的虚拟语气中,should(ought to)+ have + v-ed”表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做,含有责备的含义。其否定式表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。故答案为D。
例20:He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. (2005山东)
A. could B. would C. must D. need
分析:“could+ have + v-ed” 用于肯定句中,表示本来能够做成某事的但结果没能做成,含有遗憾的意味,侧重有能力而没能做成。该句意思为:“他花钱买了座位,而他本来可以免费进去的”。答案为A。
例21:You should not have swum in that river. You ____ have been eaten by fish.
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