农奴遭受的第三重剥削是高利贷。在旧西藏,三大领主都是大大小小的高利贷剥削者。西藏地方政府设有放债机构,放债、收息成为各级官员的行政职责。西藏很多寺庙也参与放债,高利贷盘剥的收入占三大寺总收入的25%-30%。贵族绝大多数也放高利贷,债息在其家庭收入中一般要占15%。农奴为了活命不得不频繁举债,欠债的农奴占农奴总数的90%以上。农奴所负的债务,形式上分为新债、子孙债、连保债、集体摊派债等等。其中1/3以上是子孙债,也称旧债,是祖祖辈辈欠下的。这种债由于利上加利,永远也还不完。
The third exploitation serfs suffered was usury. In old Tibet, the three major estate-holders were all exploiters of usury. The local government of Tibet had many money-lending agencies, and lending money and collecting interest were among officials' duties. Many monasteries also participated in money-lending. Revenue from usury made up 25 to 30 percent of the total revenue of the three major monasteries, namely Drepung, Sera and Ganden. Most aristocrats were also engaged in usury, the interest of which accounted for 15 percent of their family revenues. Serfs had to borrow money to survive, and more than 90 percent of serf households were in debt. Serfs were burdened with new debts, debts passed down from previous generations, debts resulting from joint liability, and debts apportioned among all the serfs. One third of these were the debts passed down from previous generations which could never be repaid, even by succeeding generations, due to the imposition of compound interest.
【《民族区域自治制度在西藏的成功实践》白皮书】相关文章:
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