Rather than slicing the body with a knife, scanning slices them with radiation. Computerised tomography uses X-rays to collect information from many angles, and a lot of processing power to convert that information into cross-sectional images of a bodys inner tissues. In forensic cases CT scans are often used to spot fractures and haemorrhages. Dr Roberts found them adept at noticing diseased arteries, as well. The other widespread scanning technique, magnetic-resonance imaging , uses radio waves and is best suited for exploring the detail of soft tissues.
Though both of these technologies have been around for a long time, they have had only limited use in autopsies. Americas authorities conduct CT scans of dead soldiersbut such scans are employed to augment traditional post mortems, not replace them. Some coroners in England, spurred on by the religious objections of Jews and Muslims, do allow scans rather than conventional autopsies in certain cases. But the accuracy of these scans is unknown. Dr Roberts is the first to provide data on whether scanning might replace conventional methods.
He and his colleagues examined 182 bodies in Manchester and Oxford. Radiologists studied CT and MRI scans of these bodies, made diagnoses based on them, explained their confidence in these diagnoses, and judged whether the scans might thus preclude the need for a full autopsy. Within 12 hours of each scan, a pathologist then performed a conventional autopsy, so that Dr Roberts could compare the new methods with the old.
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