英语讲义【54】具副词功能的过去分词短语_小升初语法

　　和现在分词及短语一样，过去分词（past participles）或过去分词短语（past participial phrases）也可以充当副词，修饰谓语动词。

　　过去分词短语可以表达下列四种意思：

　　㈠方法或活动方式，如：

　　● He walked up and down, lost in thought.

　　● I sat before the desk until after mid-night, absorbed in writing.

　　● Surrounded by a host of fans, the film star left the airport excitedly.

　　㈡原因，如：

　　● Greatly disappointed, some staff decided to leave the place.

　　● Taken by surprise, the enemy surrendered.

　　㈢时间，如：

　　● Born and bred in a turbulent age, the older generation of people experienced all sorts of hardships.

　　● Thrown to the floor, the boy regained his footing a few minutes later.

　　㈣条件，如：

　　● Given more time, the slow learners would have done better.

　　● Criticised by someone else, Tony would not have flared up like that.

　　除了直接修饰动词之外，过去分词或短语也可以和连词合组成短语，表示下列四种意思：

　　⒈由 when, whenever, while, until 等连词引导，表示时间，如：

　　● When asked about his previous job, Bill said he had been a motor mechanic.

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