所谓垂悬结构(The Dangling Construction)就是一个句子成分,如分词短语,不定式动词短语等,找不到被修饰的主语或被修饰的对象不合逻辑。垂悬结构是种错误的句法,应该避免。
下面是三种常见的垂悬结构及其改正方法:
⒈垂悬分词或分词短语,如:
① Climbing up the hill, several boars were seen.
这句子里的现在分词短语(present participial phrase)修饰主语several boars是错的;改正方法有二:
(a)确定是逻辑主语,使句子变成Climbing up the hill, the explorers saw several boars.
(b)把现在分词短语扩大为副词分句(也称状语从句):When the explorers climbed up the hill, they saw several boars/ several boars were seen.
⒉垂悬副词短语,如:
② After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite.
这句的副词短语(adverb phrase)和主语the fish有什么逻辑关系呢?真正的逻辑主语应该是the fisherman或the angler才对。改正方法和例①同:
(a) After putting a shrimp on the hook, the fisherman found that the fish began to bite.
(b) After the fisherman had put a shrimp on the hook, the fish began to bite.
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