Rhetoric, then, is addressed to human beings living at particular times and in particular places. From the point of view of rhetoric, we are not merely logical thinking machines, creatures abstracted from time and space. The study of rhetoric should therefore be considered the most humanistic of the humanities, since rhetoric is not directed only to our rational selves. It takes into account what the scientistic view leaves out . If it is a weakness to harbor feelings, then rhetoric may be thought of as dealing in weakness. But those who reject the idea of rhetoric because they believe it deals in lies and who at the same time hope to move people to action, must either be liars themselves or be very naive; pure logic has never been a motivating force unless it has been subordinated to human purposes, feelings, and desires, and thereby ceased to be pure logic.
21. According to the passage, to reject rhetoric and still hope to persuade people is
an aim of most speakers and writers
an indication either of dishonesty or of credulity
a way of displaying distrust of the audiences motives
a characteristic of most humanistic discourse
a way of avoiding excessively abstract reasoning
22. It can be inferred from the passage that in the late nineteenth century rhetoric was regarded as
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