the possibilities for breakdowns in communication seem infinite in number.
However, we do communicate successfully from time to time.
And we do learn to speak languages.
But learning to speak languages seems to be a very mysterious process.
For a long time,
people thought that we learned a language
only by imitation and association.
For example, a baby touches a hot pot and starts to cry.
The mother says, Hot, hot!
And the baby, when it stops crying,
imitates the mother and says, Hot, hot!
However, Noam Chomsky, a famous expert in language,
pointed out that although children do learn some words
by imitation and association,
they also combine words to make meaningful sentences
in ways that are unique,
unlearned and creative.
Because young children can make sentences they have never heard before,
Chomsky suggested that human infants
are born with the ability to learn language.
Chomsky meant that underneath all the differences
between public and private languages,
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