The growing field of enterprise risk management seeks to crack this problem by guiding organisations on improving structures and governance around risk. It is about settling on a way to identify, assess and respond to risk in [a] way that is culturally consistent across the organisation, says Mr Anderson. Organisations are starting to define their risk so that language does not break down across boundaries.
快速发展的企业风险管理(ERM)理论试图通过引导企业以风险为中心优化架构和治理,来破解上述问题。安德森表示:“ERM旨在确定一种机制,使企业各部门能在统一认识的基础上识别、评估和应对风险。企业正在着手制定对风险的定义,以确保自己在各国的业务部门不在风险认识方面产生差异。” The relatively new breed of risk professionals also aims toprovide the kind of hard intelligence that will pierce what Mr Anderson calls the perfect place arrogance that can beset multinationals. Companies with strong national identities risk thinking that what they do at home will work equally well abroad. They think just because weve been successful on Wall Street, we can do the same thing in London, Tokyo and Frankfurt.Such thinking can be challenged with trenchant assessments of the risks present in each new market. 相对新兴的风险管理专业人士,还试图通过提供那类“硬情报”,来破除安德森所谓的“完美地自负”(perfect place arrogance),这种自负可能给跨国企业带来困扰。具有鲜明地域特色的公司可能会认为,自己在本国的业务模式在海外市场也同样有效。“他们认为,‘既然在华尔街能够取得成功,我们在伦敦、东京和法兰克福同样也能成功’。”通过对各个新市场中存在的风险做出明晰的评估,我们就可对这种自负的想法提出质疑。 The challenge ofERM is to find the right balance between operating as yet another audit system and building risk-orientated thinking into day-to-day management. ERM面临的挑战在于,要在成为又一套内部审计系统和将风险导向型思维融入日常管理之间找到合适的平衡点。 John Ludlow, vice-president for global risk management at InterContinental Hotels Group, runs a $100m budget to manage risk across IHGs 4,600 hotels in 100 countries. What ties IHG employees everyday actions to the companys strategic view of risk is a determination to champion and protect our brands. This sense of the brand being the most important asset is what aligns the many activities that fall under the category of risk. 约翰勒德洛(John Ludlow)是洲际酒店集团(InterContinental Hotels Group)全球风险管理副总裁,他负责以1亿美元的年预算管理集团在全球100个国家的4600家酒店的业务风险。勒德洛表示,将员工日常行为与集团风控战略观联结起来的因素,是一种“捍卫和维护公司品牌”的决心。这种将品牌看做最重要资产的意识,是集团管理者在处理各种风险事件时的共同出发点。 Mr Ludlow says understanding context–more so than language–is the first step in any global risk management plan. In any country in the world, people consider risk in terms of the law, logic and relationships, but in different orders of importance: In China, its relationships first and the law third. In the US, its law first, then logic, then relationships. 勒德洛称,理解不同地区的文化背景是制定全球性风险控制方案的第一步,它比理解语言方面的差异更重要。在全球任何一个国家,人们在分析风险时都会从法律、逻辑和人际关系三方面考虑;但不同国家的人对这三者重要程度的排序存在差异。“在中国,人际关系排第一位,法律排第三;在美国,则是法律排第一位,其次是逻辑,最后才是人际关系。” At IHG, risks range from picking local developers and operators to ensuring the safety of guests and staff during any natural disaster or attack. 洲际酒店集团面临一系列风险因素,从选择合适的本地开发商和运营商,到在发生自然灾害或遭遇袭击时保证宾客和员工的安全。 Mr Ludlows team includes recruits from the military and intelligence services for their expertise at gathering information, as well as operational experts capable of implementing a 2,000-page volume of policies and standards. The latter range from knife safety in kitchens to evacuation plans in the event of extreme political unrest. We have e-learning and safety training in different languages for people at different levels of the organisation, he says. Each day, there are checklists, 10-minute online campaigns and poster campaigns. 勒德洛负责的团队招收了一批曾在军事和情报机构工作的员工,因为这些人擅长收集信息;另外还包括几位运营专家,这些人有能力将厚达2000页的风控政策和标准贯彻实施。这些政策和标准涵盖各个方面,从厨房中的刀具安全,到爆发严重政治动乱时的人员撤离方案。勒德洛称:“我们有不同语言版本的网络学习和安全培训内容,供各个级别的员工学习。除此之外,我们每天还列出风险排查清单,播出时长10分钟的风险教育网络宣传片,并张贴宣传海报。” The greatest pitfalls in managing risk across borders, he says, emerge from assuming too much. When dealing with fellow English speakers, it is easy to imagine that a shared language means shared assumptions that the English, Americans and Australians think the same thing because they are using the same words. 勒德洛指出,企业在全球风险管理方面存在的最大隐患在于过于想当然。例如,在与和自己一样以英语为母语的人打交道时,管理者很容易认为语言相同意味着想法相同,即英国人、美国人和澳大利亚人在使用相同的措辞时表达的是同一意思。 With less familiar cultures, all kinds of unpredicted mistakes can occur.In your own culture, you can assume so much. But when youre dealing with different cultures, you can do your best but you have to go further to make sure that what you both think youve done is the same thing. 如果交流双方的文化背景差异较大,这种想当然可能会导致各种意想不到的误会。“如果交流双方来自同一文化背景,这种想当然还问题不大。如果你在与来自不同文化背景的人交流,那么你在侃侃而谈的同时,有必要进一步确认一下对方对你所说的话的理解和你想表达的意思是一回事。”
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