下面笔者结合实例谈一谈在《英语阅读(一)自学考试大纲》中要求考生掌握的几个阅读技巧。
之一:了解句子的内部结构。在阅读实践中,考生常会碰到一些复杂的句型结构(如关系从句、复合结构),一时无从下手而极大地影响阅读速度。这里就有个技巧问题,即要善于寻找句子的“核心”(主谓结构)。比如,第10单元的第21课的第一段是这样开头的:"I woke at six the next morning; and found George awake too. We both turned round, and tried to go to sleep again, but we could not. (:) Had there been any particular reason why we should not have gone to sleep again, but have got up and dressed then and there, we should have dropped off while we were looking at our watches, and have slept till ten. (;) As there was no earthly necessity for our getting up under another two hours at the very least, and our getting up at that time was an utter absurdity, it was only in keeping with the natural cussedness of things in general that we should both feel that lying down for five minutes more would be death to us." (1)句和(2)句是相当复杂的句子。(1)句是省略了if而将助动词had提至句首的合虚拟语气
的句子。考生可先找到句子的核心部分(即主句):We should have dropped off, and have slept till ten.(其中主语为we,谓语为should have dropped off, and have slept);前面的条件状语从句中又包含一个由why引起的定语从句;主语从句后又有一个while引起的时间状语从句。同样,在理解(2)句时,也应先找出它的核心部分。经过仔细阅读可以看出,(2)句的主句部分使用的是强调句型(it was + 被强调的由介词in引导的状语部分+that clause),前面是由as引起的原因状语从句。(1)和(2)的字面意思是:“假如我们当时有什么特别的理由不该再睡,而是马上起来穿衣服的话,那我们在看手表的时候就会落枕便睡,而且一醒来就是10:00。既然我们想不出有什么必要至少再过两个小时后起床,而且那时起床又实在太荒唐,那么我们俩都感到在床上再躺五分钟会要了我们的命,是完全符合时间的事物天生就是别扭的这条规律。”说的白一点意即:一个人如果你不让他睡觉,他会倒头便睡,并睡得很香;如果你让他无忧无虑地睡觉,他也许会睡意全无。如果考生在阅读时抓不住核心,不能明白(1)、(2)句的内部结构,要真正理解这样的句子是很困难的。
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