圣•尼古拉斯最初在18世纪末进入美国主流文化,“圣诞老人”这个词是从尼古拉斯的荷兰语中的昵称Sinter Klaas转变来的,是Sint Nikolaas(荷兰语的圣•尼古拉斯)的简称。1804年,纽约历史学会的John Pintard在学会的年会上分发了圣•尼古拉斯的木雕,雕刻的背景有现在人们熟知的圣诞老人的形象,包括挂在壁炉上面的装满玩具和水果的长筒袜。
Gift-giving, mainly centered around children, has been an important part of the Christmas celebration since the early 19th century. Stores began to advertise Christmas shopping in 1820.
从19世纪早期开始,以孩子为中心的赠送礼物行为开始成为圣诞节庆祝活动的主要部分。1820年,商场开始为圣诞购物打广告。
THE NIGHT BEFORE CHRISTMAS
圣诞节前夜
In 1822, Clement Clarke Moore, an Episcopal minister, wrote a long Christmas poem for his three daughters entitled “An Account of a Visit from St. Nicholas.” Moore’s poem is largely responsible for our modern image of Santa Claus as a “right jolly old elf” with a portly figure and the supernatural ability to ascend a chimney with a mere nod of his head! His poem helped popularize the now-familiar image of a Santa Claus who flew from house to house on Christmas Eve–in “a miniature sleigh” led by eight flying reindeer–leaving presents for deserving children. In 1881, political cartoonist Thomas Nast drew on Moore’s poem to create the first likeness that matches our modern image of Santa Claus. His cartoon depicted Santa as a rotund, cheerful man with a full, white beard, holding a sack laden with toys for lucky children.
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