Two years ago, Newsweek reported that it had found data suggesting that teens whose parents used physical punishment were more likely to become aggressive.

　　Murray Straus, professor at the University of New Hampshire in America, has studied the topic of children and spanking for decades. He said that children who are physically punished have lower IQs than their peers（同辈人）. It may be that children with low IQs were more likely to get spanked, but the punishment may have been counterproductive(反作用) to their mental development, as well.

　　Some researchers make the argument that occasional open-handed smacks (用巴掌打) on the bottom are not only harmless but can have some benefits.

　　Last year, Marjorie Gunnoe, a psychologist at Calvin College, studied teens who have never been spanked. There are a greater number of children growing up without ever having been physically punished. Gunnoe’s research suggests they don’t turn out any better than those who were sometimes spanked.

　　There are some parents who simply cannot control their tempers. But I still believe that the best parents are the ones who are able to offer fair and firm discipline without ever turning to physical punishment.

　　61. What can we know from the research in the second paragraph?

　　A. Many of the parents made no response to the survey.

　　B. More and more people support spanking in public.

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