"Open-air barbecues, garbage incineration, biomass burning, dust from roads -- these acts of non-compliance with regulations are actually the result of lax supervision and weak law enforcement," said Cai, adding the city will organize an environmental police force to address the issue in its 16 districts.

Some citizens raised concerns about smog-related rumors and pseudoscience posts on the Internet, Cai said efforts will be made to dispel rumors and educate the public.

"I think it's a good sign that more and more people were anxious about air pollution. The more they care, the more they will participate," Cai said, adding the city will take more measures in the new year.

The city's only coal-fired power plant will be closed after the heating season. Coal consumption will be cut by 30 percent to less than 7 million tonnes in 2017.

Another 300,000 high-polluting old vehicles will be phased out in 2017. Cleaner gas and diesel will be put into use starting Feb. 15.

Additionally, 500 low-end manufacturing and polluting factories will be closed, while another 2,560 will be upgraded to meet higher pollution treatment standards.

The city will continue to build closer ties with neighboring Hebei Province and Tianjin Municipality in fighting air pollution, he said.

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