语法 1.动词不定式作目的状语 (1)动词不定式为非谓语动词的一种形式,在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、宾补及状语。作状语时,可以表示目的、结果或条件。 例句:They went there to visit their teacher. 他们去那里拜访老师。(表示目的) He woke up only/just to find everybody gone. 他醒来发现大家都走了。(表示结果) To look at him,you would like him. 看见他,你就会喜欢他。(表示条件) 知识要点 (2)某些形容词作表语,表示喜、怒、哀、乐,后跟不定式表示原因。 例句:I am very glad to see you.见到你我非常高兴。 (3)在有enough或too的句子里,也常用不定式作状语,表示程度。 例句:He was too excited not to say a few words.
他太激动了,不会不讲几句话的。 He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学的年龄了。 知识要点 注意:强调动词不定式所表示的目的时,动词不定式可用in order to(为了)或so as to(以便)+动词原形。so as to不用于句首,只能放在句中。 这种句式中,如果不定式的逻辑主语与句子的逻辑主语是同一人或事,可以与so that/in order that引导的目的状语从句转换,但是so that/in order that引导的目的状语从句不能放在句首。 例句:The whole family went to the seaside to (in order to/so as to)spend the weekend/so that they can spend the weekend. 全家去海边度周末。 知识要点 (4)动词不定式作目的状语时,通常逻辑主语为句子的主语,如果不一致,则需用动词不定式的复合结构,即for sb. to do sth.。 例句:He spoke slowly for us to follow him. 他说得很慢,为的是让我们跟上他。 知识要点 2.结果状语从句 (1)结果状语从句表示事态的结果,常置于主语之后,常见的连接词有so that,so...that,such...that等。 例句:He had overslept,so that he was late for the lecture.他睡过了头,结果报告会迟到了。 I cheered so loudly at the match that I completely lost my voice. 我为比赛大声喝彩,以至于嗓子都哑了。 知识要点 (2)应注意下列句子结构的不同: ①so+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+that... such+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+that... ②such+可数名词复数+that... ③such+不可数名词+that... ④so+表示数量的形容词 so+many/few+可数名词复数+that... so+much/little(少)+不可数名词+that... 知识要点 注意:(1)such和so均可修饰可数名词的单数形式,但是冠词位置有区别。如such a good teacher=so good a teacher如此好的一位老师。 (2)so that既可引导目的状语从句,也可引导结果状语从句。在目的状语从句中的谓语动词前要用may(might),can(could),should,would等情态动词,表达某种可能性;而结果状语从句则不用,它表示的是客观事实,从句前常用逗号,而引导目的状语从句的so that前不用逗号,结果状语从句都置于主句后,但目的状语从句也可以置于主句前。 知识要点 例句:I put on my glasses so that I could see more clearly.我戴上眼镜为的是看得更清楚。 Tom’s first step made such a terrible noise that he almost died of fright. 汤姆的第一步发出可怕的响声,差点儿把他吓死。 The water became so polluted that it killed all the fish in the river. 河水被严重污染以致于河中的鱼全都死了。 (3)so...that引导结果状语从句置于句首时,主句要用部分倒装语序,从句则不倒装。 例句:So loudly did he speak that everyone heard him clearly. 他如此大声说话,结果每个人都听得很清楚。 知识要点 【链接训练】 ①________ catch the first bus,I got up early this morning. A.In order to B.So as to C.So that D.As to 【解析】考查动词不定式作目的状语。in order to和so as to都表示“为了”,但so as to不能用于句首。 【答案】A 知识要点 ②Let’s take the front seats ________ we may see clearly. A.in order B.so that C.in order to D.because 【解析】so that引导目的状语从句,从句中的谓语动词前用了情态动词may。 【答案】B 知识要点 ③ _________ the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day. A.Completing B.Complete C.Completed D.To complete 【解析】考查非谓语动词——不定式作目的状语。句意为:为了如期完成工程,我们必须每天多工作两个小时。 【答案】D 知识要点 ④So difficult ________ it to solve the problem that I decided to ask the police for help. A.I found B.did I find C.I have found D.have I found 【解析】so...that引导结果状语从句置于句首时,主句要用部分倒装语序,故排除A、C项;又主句和从句时态要一致,故排除D项,答案为B。句意为:我发现这个问题如此难解决,我决定去找警察帮忙。 【答案】B 知识要点 ⑤What made me sad was that I went to see her the day before yesterday _________ her dead on her bed. A.to find B.finding C.found D.find 【解析】不定式作结果状语,通常表示一个令人失望的、沮丧的、预料之外的结果;而v.ing作结果状语表示顺其自然的情况,根据题意,选A。 【答案】A Thank you ! 必修2 Module 2
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