B

　　The research team has discovered that subordinate fish voluntarily diet to avoid

　　challenging their larger competitors. “In studying gobies we noticed that only the

　　largest two individuals, a male and female, had breeding (繁殖) rights within the group, ” explains Marian Wong. “All other group members are nonbreeding

　　females, each being 5～10% smaller than its next largest competitor. We wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation.”

　　The reason for the size difference was easy to see. Once a subordinate fish grows

　　to within 5～10% of the size of its larger competitor, it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the group. More often than not,

　　the_evicted_fish is then eaten up.

　　It appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselves small in order to avoid

　　challenging the boss fish. Whether they did so voluntarily, by restraining how much

　　they ate, was not clear. The research team decided to do an experiment. They tried to

　　fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happened. To their surprise, the

　　gobies simply refused the extra food they were offered, clearly preferring to remain

　　small and avoid fights, over having a feast.

　　The discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals

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