Inflation (measured in percent) is measure of how much a bunch of products have increased in price from last year.
通货膨胀(以百分比计)衡量自上一年起众多产品价格的涨幅。
In mature economies, annual inflation is around 2% - that means on an average the prices of stuff goes up by 2% every year.
成熟的经济体每年的通货膨胀率约为2%——即物品价格平均每年上涨2%。
The fundamental role of central banks is to manage this rate and keep it to a low positive number.
中央银行的基本作用即控制通胀率,确保其增长呈小幅态势。
Interest Rates:
利率:
When you loan money to somebody, you expect something extra in return. This excess is called the interest.
你借钱给别人时,你便会有额外的期待,这额外的部分就是利息。
Interest rate is a positive number that measures how much excess you will get.
利率是衡量你额外获益多少的一个正数。
In the short term, this rate is usually set by the Central Banks.
从短期来看,利率通常是由央行规定的。
Right now it is close to zero. In the long term, this is set by the market and is dependent on inflation and the long term prospects of the economy.
现在短期利率接近于0;从长期来看,利率是由市场决定的,取决于通货膨胀和长远的经济前景。
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