"The children didn't differ in the more broad cognitive measures, but they did show some improvements in word discrimination, particularly for consonants," explains Desimone.

德西解释说：“学乐器的孩子和其他孩子在广义的认知能力上没有差别，但他们确实在辨字尤其是辨认声母这方面更胜一筹。

"The piano group showed the best improvement there."

“学钢琴的小孩在这方面的优势最明显。”

For the study, Desimone's team – including MIT scientists and researchers from Beijing Normal University – recruited children from the Chinese education system, with the support of education officials who wanted to see how music learning might boost their academic results.

德西蒙的团队包括来自麻省理工学院的科学家和来自北京师范大学的研究人员。为了开展这项研究，该团队在中国教育部门官员的支持下，从中国教育系统中招募了一些儿童作为研究对象。这些官员想知道学音乐是如何能提高学业成绩的。

The 4- to 5-year-old Mandarin-speaking children in the study were randomly divided into three groups. One group received a 45-minute piano lesson three times a week, while another received extra reading instruction classes. The third group acted as controls, taking no extra lessons beyond their usual routine.

在这项研究中，母语为汉语的4到5岁的幼童被随机分为三组。一组孩子每周上三次钢琴课，每次45分钟，另一组孩子上额外的阅读课。第三组是对照组，在日常课程外不再上其他课。

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