研究人员认为，这说明上音乐课有助于培养对声调的敏感性，这也是音乐组孩子辨别字音的能力更强的部分原因。

"That's a big thing for kids in learning language: being able to hear the differences between words," Desimone says. "They really did benefit from that."

德西蒙说：“辨别字音——能够听出字与字之间的差别——对于孩子学语言很重要。更强的辨音能力确实能让孩子受益。”

Perhaps more importantly, results of IQ, attention, and working memory among the three groups didn't show any significant differences, suggesting that the boost given by music instruction isn't a general cognitive lift, but something specific to language (and perhaps the tone-based elements of it).

或许更重要的发现是，三组孩子的智商、注意力和工作记忆水平都没有表现出任何明显的差别，这意味着音乐课不能带来认知能力的全面提高，而是仅限于语言能力或声调辨别能力的提高。

Of course, we're only looking at a fairly small sample of kids here, and all of them were from a Mandarin-speaking background. Given Mandarin's reliance on tonal differentiation, the researchers acknowledge that might have influenced the results.

当然，研究人员只调查了一小部分儿童，而且所有这些儿童的语言环境都是中文（普通话）。考虑到学习中文和声调辨认息息相关，研究人员承认这也许会影响到研究结果。

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