This private-sector success owes a great deal to an extensive web of state regulation, protection and support. It depends especially on the following five aspects.
加拿大私营部门取得这样的成功,在很大程度上归功于该国具备一个覆盖广泛的政府监管、保护和支持体系,尤其得益于以下五个方面。
First, longstanding limits on asset-to-capital leverage, which cap leverage at about 20-to-1 and go well beyond Basel requirements. The proven success of these leverage caps underpins Mr Carney’s support for similar global limits in debates at the Financial Stability Board (which he chairs) and other forums.
首先,长期的杠杆限制措施,把资产对资本比率上限控制在20比1左右,远高于《巴塞尔协议》(Basel)的要求。这些杠杆上限被证明是成功的,为卡尼在金融稳定委员会(Financial Stability Board)及其他论坛的相关辩论中支持在全球采取类似限制措施提供了依据。
Second, a system of universal deposit insurance, managed by the publicly owned Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation, that prevented any substantial outbreak of depositor anxiety, even during the worst months of the crisis.
其次,通用存款保险制度防止了储户中间爆发大规模恐慌,即使在危机最严重的时期也是如此。该制度由公有性质的加拿大存款保险公司(Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation)管理实施。
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