现在,人们之所以敢于谈论攻克癌症(即便是其中一种癌症),主要是因为一个名为国际癌症基因图谱研究联盟的组织。这个组织包括遍布四大洲的39个研究项目,该组织的研究人员使用高流量的基因测序方法来检测50种不同的肿瘤。他们把每种肿瘤的众多基因突变案例进行比较,区分出对某种肿瘤来说,哪些突变是共同的(从而,估计是致病原因),哪些突变是偶然的(恶性细胞中的基因修复机制经常出错,所以偶然突变是常见的事)。
The consortium's work is progressing fast, and preliminary results for many tumours are already in. But such knowledge is useless unless it can be translated into treatment. That is where Dr DePinho comes in—for his career has taken him into the boardroom as well as the clinic. He is a serial entrepreneur: he helped found Aveo Pharmaceuticals, which is developing a drug to block the growth of blood vessels in tumours, Metamark Genetics, which works on diagnosing cancers, and Karyopharm Therapeutics, which is trying to regulate the passage of molecules into and out of the cell nucleus, and thus control the nucleus's activities. His aim in coming to MD Anderson, he says, is to "industrialise" other aspects of biological research in the way that genetics has been pushed forward by high-throughput sequencing.
这个联盟的工作进展很快,已经得出了很多种肿瘤的初步研究成果。但是,对病因的认知只有转化为治疗方法才是真正有用的。这正是徳平厚博士要做的事,因为在他的职业生涯中,他既做过诊疗工作,也做过经营管理工作。他是一个富有经验的企业家,参与创建过若干个公司,包括:正在研制阻碍肿瘤中血管生长的药品的Aveo制药公司;研究癌症诊断方法的Metamark遗传研究公司;还有Karyopharm 诊疗研究所,这个所的研究方向是,通过控制分子进出细胞核的方法来控制细胞核的活动。他说,他来MD •安德森癌症研究中心的目的是,以高流量测序推动遗传研究的同样方式,用“产业化”的方法来推动生物学领域其它方面的研究。
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