通往快乐之路快乐的另类公式_BEC初级作文

通往快乐之路快乐的另类公式

现为哥伦比亚大学(Columbia University)教授的心理学家瓦尔特·米舍尔(Walter Mischel)在20世纪60年代一项著名的研究中测试了幼童为实现未来目标而抗拒诱惑的能力。他在每个孩子面前放了一块棉花糖，对他们解释说，如果想吃，可以马上就吃，但如果能等待10到15分钟左右，就可以吃到另外一块。约半数的孩子立马就狼吞虎咽地吃掉了棉花糖；另有半数的孩子成功地坚持等来了另一块棉花糖。

The time perspective that the children had when they were young had a large impact on the way they behaved later in life. Dr. Mischel followed up with the children when they were teens, and then in middle age. The individuals who resisted the marshmallow at roughly ages 4 and 5 performed better in school, scored an average of about 250 points higher on their SATs and had happier family lives. Those who ate the marshmallow immediately had more emotional problems throughout their lives.

孩子幼年的时间观对他们长大后的行为方式有很大影响。米舍尔对这些孩子青少年及中年时的状况进行了追踪研究。四五岁时拒绝棉花糖诱惑的孩子在学校里表现更优秀，在SAT考试中的平均分数高出250点左右，家庭生活也更幸福。而立即就把棉花糖吃掉的孩子一生中会面临更多的情绪问题。

The good news, says Dr. Zimbardo: People can change their time perspective. Between 2004 and 2017, Time Perspective Therapy was administered by Dr. Zimbardo's co-authors Rick and Rosemary Sword, therapists in Maui, to 32 veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, all of whom had been through other therapies without positive results. All 32 saw a significant decrease in anxiety, depression and PTSD symptoms.