1453年,君士坦丁堡的陷落在西方国家引起了连锁反应。它有效地结束了中世纪,标志着奥斯曼帝国统治的开始,还迎接了文艺复兴时代的到来。我们可以知道如果拜占庭人成功保卫了君士坦丁堡,这世界现在会是多么的不同。与大众相信的情况相反,实际上,拜占庭人胜算很大。尽管奥斯曼帝国在士兵数量和大炮上有优势,君士坦丁堡周边又高又厚的城墙使他们不能快速地攻陷首都。如果拜占庭人能够坚持够久,那么来自他们欧洲同盟的帮助本来是可以扭转战场局势的。另外,守卫者他们本身就不是容易被打败的,他们设法让侵略者遭受高损失。不幸的是,拜占庭人的英勇努力却因为一个非常非常小的失误都付诸东流了:某人忘记关门了。讽刺的是,200年前,拜占庭人就是利用这个门从十字军(the Crusaders)手中夺回了他们的城市。根据拜占庭历史学家多卡斯(Doukas),奥斯曼帝国攻占了这扇门,在塔楼上升起他们的国旗,混乱随之而来。守卫者这会相信他们的城市是劫数难逃了。不久之后,抵抗就消失了;最后,奥斯曼帝国占领君士坦丁堡。
2 Security Strictness Slayed Stalin
2、 严密的安保杀死了斯大林( Stalin)
While the mystery of Stalin’s death is a magnet for conspiracy theories, his paranoia proved to be his greatest undoing. As with all dictators, Stalin was obsessed with his personal security. He forbade anyone from entering his room without his consent because he constantly feared an assassination. So when the man one day didn’t leave his room for his normal routine, his guards began to worry. If they entered without his permission, they could be imprisoned or executed. The same fate also awaited them if it turned out to be an emergency and they failed to help him. Even after they found the dictator in a helpless heap inside his room, his staff still feared him greatly. Doctors sent to help him could not stop their hands from trembling when they examined him. Four days later, the great dictator was dead, the victim of (apparently) a massive stroke.
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