这些研究结果令阿尔基尔十分振奋,因为它很好地支持了一个现有的意识运作理论。在马舒尔对意识的神经机制进行研究的过程中,与传统观点相背离的证据一再出现,这些证据表明,在无意识者的大脑中,感觉网络仍在局部地发挥作用,只是大脑内部的通信系统完全崩坏了。换句话说,邻近街区的灯照常亮着,可互联网和电话线都被切断了。
The S?o Paulo-Madison study could be showing that unconsciousness is what happens when different parts of the brain can't connect: The signal simply dies. This also suggests that anesthetics work best when they cut those lines of communication. What's more, it provides insight into a vexing question: How can the entirety of human experience arise from tiny electrical impulses?
这项圣保罗-麦迪逊研究显示,无意识是大脑的不同部位间失去联系的外在表现:只是信号无法传递而已。它还表明,当麻醉剂恰好切断那些通信线路时,麻醉效果最好。更重要的是,该研究为我们探讨一个深奥的问题提供了启示:人类的体验作为一个整体,是如何从微小的电脉冲中诞生的?
Neuroscientists do know that consciousness does not reside in any one part of the brain — there is no region where all information is aggregated together — but they don't know much more than that. Consciousness is difficult to study by its very nature, so it has been left mostly to philosophers for the last hundred years — and they don't agree on much. For instance, the philosopher John Searle describes consciousness as a purely subjective experience — what you have when you wake up in the morning, and what disappears when you fall asleep at night (or die, depending on how bad your day was). The philosopher Daniel Dennett wrote a book called "Consciousness Explained," which plays down the subjective experience of consciousness so much that critics dubbed it "consciousness explained away."
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