In everyday life, it's nearly impossible to ever know whether someone is conscious or not, Hameroff said, even if it seems glaringly obvious. Philosophers are fond of pointing out that, for all you know, you're surrounded by people who appear to be fully conscious but who experience none of it subjectively. (They frequently trot out these beings for thought experiments and call them "philosophical zombies.") But for those under anesthesia and the knife, such sophistry offers little solace.
在日常生活中,想要确知某个人的意识状态几乎是不可能的,哈姆鲁夫说,尽管它似乎是如此显而易见。哲学家们很喜欢这样讲:你只知道你周围的人看起来都具有完整的意识,但没有一个人对此有任何主观体验。(他们经常在这些人面前炫耀所谓的“思想实验”,并称他们为“哲学僵尸”。)只是对于那些身在麻醉和手术刀下的患者而言,这样的诡辩起不到什么宽慰效果。
Increasingly, research on what happens to the brain under anesthesia suggests that the synthesis and integration of information among many different parts of the brain is the best measure of consciousness. Some people, Mashour said, go so far as to say that this communication among regions is consciousness itself. Our subjective experience of the world might arise as a byproduct of the brain's piecing together different sensory inputs.
有越来越多关于麻醉状态下大脑功能的研究表明,对来自大脑多个不同部位的信息加以综合的能力是衡量意识的最佳指标。马舒尔指出,有些人甚至认为这种不同脑区之间的通讯交流就是意识本身。我们对世界的主观体验很可能是大脑试图拼凑不同的感觉输入信息时产生的副产物。
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2020-09-15
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