这种害怕被取代的情绪并不新鲜。15年前,美国工人曾担心来自墨西哥廉价劳力的竞争。1992年美国总统候选人罗斯•佩罗(Ross Perot)曾预言,一旦《北美自由贸易协定》(North American Free Trade Agreement)签订,那么沿着美国南部边境,人们将听到一个“巨大的吮吸声”。
Today people think they can hear that sound once more – but they trace it to server farms in Texas instead of cut-rate factories in Tijuana. Americans fear the technology of the near future because they see it as a replay of the globalisation of the near past.
今天人们认为自己又再度听到这个声音,但当他们循声追踪,找到的却不是蒂华纳(Tijuana,墨西哥西北部城市)的廉价工厂,而是得克萨斯州的服务器群。美国人害怕“不久的将来”的科技,因为他们将此视作“不久的以前”出现的全球化的重演。
But the situations are very different: unlike fellow humans of different nationalities, computers are not substitutes for American labour. Men and machines are good at different things. People form plans and make decisions in complicated situations. We are less good at making sense of enormous amounts of data. Computers are exactly the opposite: they excel at efficient data processing but struggle to make basic judgments that would be simple for any human.
但两种情况有很大不同:电脑不像他国人类同胞,它们无法取代美国劳工。人和机器擅长的事情是不同的。人类可以在复杂情况下制定计划和作出决定。我们不擅长分析海量数据。计算机则正相反,它们擅长高效处理数据,但很难作出任何人都能轻易作出的基本判断。
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