Polar Vortex
极地涡旋
词汇专家袁新民老师说:
vortex/ˈvɔːteks;ˋvɔrtɛks/ 是vertex的变体。即vort=vert转,-ex名词后缀;风、水等旋转得很快形成的。A polar vortex, also known as a circumpolar vortex, is a wind current that circulates above the North and South Poles. The currents sit like spinning hats above the Poles.
极地涡旋,又叫环极涡旋,是环绕在南极和北极上空的一股气流,它就像一顶在极地上空不停旋转的草帽一样。
During the winter season, the northern polar vortex typically increases in strength as it is blanketed in 24 hours of darkness. Heat from the surface rises into the atmosphere and creates an area of low pressure above each Pole. The warm air becomes colder because of the lack of sunlight and is contained over the polar region by a jet stream.
冬天的时候,北极由于全天24小时被黑暗笼罩,因此极地涡旋的力度更强。陆地表面的热量上升到大气层中并在极地上空形成低气压。由于缺乏光照热空气变冷被高速气流包裹在极地地区上空。
When the jet stream—a result of colder air over the polar region pushing up against warmer air—is strong, the air stays trapped in the vortex above the polar region. But when the jet stream is weak, undulations or kinks in the jet stream cause polar air streams to travel farther south, an arm of cold air breaking out of an icy circle.
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