人如果不吃东西长期静卧,骨骼就会退化。但春天从洞里爬出来的黑熊却和冬眠前一样强壮。这是因为在冬眠期间黑熊骨骼的流失率只有平时的25%。科罗拉多州立大学的科研人员正试图找出是这种极度限制骨质流失的荷尔蒙。他们的目标是发明一种能让骨质酥松症潜在患者保持骨骼密度的新药。
Heart Disease
心脏病
During cardiac surgery, a patient becomes oxygen-deprived when the heart stops beating. To cope, the body switches from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. Unfortunately, the change creates lactic acid, which can kill cells if it builds up. Damage of this kind does not occur in hibernating arctic ground squirrels, likely because they break down more fats than sugars even after the heart has slowed to just one beat per minute. Collaborating researchers at Duke University and the University of Alaska Fairbanks are now working to identify how this species prioritizes fat as fuel in low-oxygen conditions. Finding a way to coax cardiac surgery patients to do the same may reduce injury to organs during procedures.
心脏手术中,患者会因心脏停止跳动而缺氧。而人体会从有氧代谢转变为无氧代谢来应对。不幸的是,这种改变会产生乳酸。而乳酸一旦积累就会杀死细胞。冬眠的北极地鼠却不会受到这种伤害。这可能是由于就算心跳下降到每分钟一次,它们也会更多的分解脂肪而非糖。杜克大学和阿拉斯加费尔贝克斯大学的科研人员正一起致力于发现北极地鼠是如何在低氧环境下优先分解脂肪的。若是接受心脏手术的病人也能如此,就会减少手术中器官受到的损伤。
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