A nationwide study carried out by the National Institutes of Health in 2017 found that Americans who take vitamins and supplements were already getting large amounts of nutrients from their food, and on top of that they had the lowest prevalence of vitamin deficiencies to begin with. The study found that supplement use put these people at increased risk of potentially excessive consumption of folic acid, calcium, iron, zinc, magnesium and vitamins A, C and B6.

2017年，美国国家健康研究所进行的一项全国性研究发现，服用维生素和补充剂的美国人本来已经从食物中获得了大量营养素，而且他们本来就极少患有维生素缺乏症。这项研究发现，服用补充剂增加了这些人过量摄入叶酸、钙、铁、锌、镁、维生素A、C和B6的风险。

Added vitamins may clearly aid some people, including women who are pregnant or lactating, or those with specific nutritional deficiencies. But for much of the general population today, there is no scientific justification for a high intake of vitamins and minerals, said Mara Z. Vitolins, a registered dietitian and professor of epidemiology and prevention at Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center.

添加维生素无疑可以帮助某些人，包括孕期或哺乳期妇女，以及那些的确缺乏营养的人。但是韦克福里斯特浸礼会医疗中心的注册营养师、传染病预防教授玛拉·Z·维托林(Mara Z. Vitolins)说，对如今的大部分普通人来说，没有科学依据证明需要摄入这么多维生素和矿物质。

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