Until now, if you needed additional training to get ahead in your job or switch careers, you had little choice but to enroll in a graduate or certificate program at a local college or online. These programs largely replicated undergraduate programs at colleges in that they required students to start at a specific time and dedicate months or even years to a series of courses. Most of all, the programs were expensive, and came with little, if any, financial aid from the colleges, which saw them as cash cows.

当下，如果你想在工作中更有成就或想要改变职业发展方向，只能考取当地大学或网校的研究生课程或证书课程，几乎没有其他选择。这些课程与本科课程几乎如出一辙，要求学生在特定时间开学，花上数月甚至数年学完一系列课程。最重要的是，此类课程收费昂贵，即使学校提供补贴，也是微乎其微。在这些学校看来，学生就是摇钱树。

We hear a lot these days about the “student-debt crisis,” but some of the biggest increases in student debt have come at the graduate level, not among undergraduates. A Brookings Institution report released last June found that the average debt levels of borrowers with a graduate degree have more than quadrupled since 1999, from about $10,000 to more than $40,000 (by comparison, those with a bachelor’s degree increased from $6,000 to $16,000).

近来，媒体频频报道有关“学生负债危机”的消息，然而，负债人数上升最快的是研究生，而非本科生。布鲁金斯学会去年6月发布了一份报告，指出硕士贷款者平均负债额自1999年以来增长了三倍多，从约1万美元上升到4万多美元（相较之下，本科生从6000美元上升到1.6万美元）。

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