关于头脑风暴有效性的观点建立在简单的测试假设上。有这么一个假设:团体总会比个人产生的想法多。在美国中西部的明尼苏达州,有研究人员就这一观点对采矿制造公司的科学家和广告执行者们进行了测试。有一半的受试对象被分配在四人小组里面工作,而另外的一半则独立工作,然后他们的测试结果就会随机结合起来,如同他们在一个小组里面工作一样,如果是重复的想法只算作一次。
3M company:Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company
(美国)明尼苏达采矿制造公司
In every case, four people working individually generated between 30% and 40% more ideas than four people working in a group. Their results were of a higher quality, too: Independent judges assessed the work and found that the individuals produced better ideas than the groups.
在每种情况下,四个单独工作的员工比四人小组工作的产生的点子比例多出30%到40%。同时他们的点子也是高质量的:中立的评估者评估了工作的难度并且结果发现,单独完成工作的员工比团队合作的员工产生更好的点子。
Follow-up research tested whether larger groups performed any better. In one study, 168 people were either divided into teams of five, seven, or nine or asked to work individually. The research confirmed that working individually is more productive than working in groups. It also showed that productivity decreases as group size increases.
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