2005年发表于《英国医学期刊》(BMJ)上的论文研究了荷兰皇家壳牌(Royal Dutch Shell)美国子公司壳牌石油(Shell Oil)的退休员工，发现那些55岁退休的人比那些工作到65岁才退休的人的死亡率高得多。

Was this because those 55-year olds had stopped working because their health was poor? To try to eliminate this possibility, the study examined those who had lived beyond 65, figuring that many of those who had retired early because of ill health would have died before reaching 65.

那些55岁的人之所以选择在55岁退休，是否正是因为他们身体不好？为了排除这一可能性，该研究调查的是那些寿命超过65岁的人，料想许多因为健康状况不好提前退休的人无法活到65岁。

Even then, those who retired at 55 died earlier than those who carried on working. The death rate was even higher for early retirees with lower-paid jobs. But those who retired from better-paid positions at 55 also had shorter lives than those who carried on working. Those who left at 60 lived as long as those who retired at 65. It was retirement at 55 that was so damaging.

即便如此，那些在55岁的退休的人也比那些55后后继续工作的人死得更早。从薪酬较低的职位上提前退休的员工的死亡率还要更高。而那些在55岁时从薪酬较高的职位上退休的人，寿命也比那些55岁后继续工作的人短。60岁退休的人跟65岁退休的人寿命一样长。损害尤其大的是在55岁退休。

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