Prevention also depends crucially on advancing sustainable and inclusive development, he said. The 2030 Agenda offers an integrated framework for addressing the economic and social drivers of conflict, and for building stable societies including through a focus on institutions and the rule of law.

The word peacekeeping does not appear in the UN Charter. But this flagship UN activity is firmly rooted in the charter's ideals, and demonstrates the charter's flexibility, said Guterres.

Peacekeeping has a solid record of service, sacrifice and success, and it has ably served as a tool to assist in the peaceful settlement of disputes, as well as to achieve more robust objectives.

However, he said, peacekeeping faces major challenges.

"Often, peacekeepers are deployed indefinitely on dangerous environments where there is little peace to keep, where there are no political solutions in sight, where there are multiple armed groups and where casualties are rising sharply from attacks on peacekeepers."

For these and other reasons, the United Nations ends up serving as a "crisis baby-sitter," or focus on simple containment, he said, "this is simply not sustainable."

He cautioned that peacekeeping is not the solution for all crisis situations. Different contexts may require other kinds of action, including peace enforcement and counter-terrorist operations undertaken by partner regional organizations or coalitions of member states.

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