13. SPOTTING BATS
蝙蝠
It’s likely that bats were present at the earliest celebrations of proto-Halloween, not just symbolically but literally. As part of Samhain, the Celts lit large bonfires, which attracted insects. The insects, in turn, attracted bats, which soon became associated with the festival. Medieval folklore expanded upon the spooky connotation of bats with a number of superstitions built around the idea that bats were the harbingers of death.
蝙蝠很可能出现在最早的万圣节庆祝活动中,这种说法不仅是象征性的,而且有事实佐证。作为萨温节的一部分,凯尔特人点燃篝火来吸引昆虫。这些昆虫反过来又吸引了蝙蝠,因此蝙蝠与萨温节很快联系在一起。中世纪的民间传说扩展了蝙蝠令人毛骨悚然的内涵,围绕着蝙蝠是死亡来临的前兆存在着许多迷信说法。
harbinger[ˈhɑːrbɪndʒər]: n. 先驱;前兆;预告者
14. GORGING ON CANDY
吃糖果
The act of going door-to-door for handouts has long been a part of Halloween celebrations. But until the middle of the 20th century, the “treats” kids received were not necessarily candy. Toys, coins, fruit, and nuts were just as likely to be given out. The rise in the popularity of trick-or-treating in the 1950s inspired candy companies to make a marketing push with small, individually wrapped confections. People obliged out of convenience, but candy didn’t dominate at the exclusion of all other treats until parents started fearing anything unwrapped in the 1970s.
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