Thaler and his colleagues devised the dictator game, an experimental tool that has been used in numerous studies to measure attitudes to fairness in different groups of people around the world.

塞勒和他的同事还设计了“独裁者博弈”，这个实验工具被应用在大量研究中，用于衡量世界各地的不同群体对于公平的态度。

Lack of self-control

自制力缺乏

Thaler has also shed new light on the old observation that New Year’s resolutions can be hard to keep. He showed how to analyze self-control problems using a planner-doer model, which is similar to the frameworks psychologists and neuroscientists now use to describe the internal tension between long-term planning and short-term doing.

新年计划难以执行是一个世纪难题，塞勒还为解决这个问题提供了新线索。他向人们展示了如何通过“计划者-执行者模型”分析自控问题，这个模型与当前心理学家和神经科学家用来解释长期计划与短期执行间的矛盾的理论类似。

Succumbing to short-term temptation is an important reason why our plans to save for old age, or make healthier lifestyle choices, often fail. In his applied work, Thaler demonstrated how nudging – a term he coined – may help people exercise better self-control when saving for a pension, as well in other contexts.

我们打算存养老金，想选择更健康的生活方式，却经常失败，一个重要的原因就是我们会向短期诱惑屈服。在塞勒的应用研究中，他展示了如何通过“助推”（他自创的术语）来帮助人们更好地控制自己存下养老金，以及完成其他事情。

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