使用一项医学显像技术血氧合度依赖性功能性磁共振成像,样本人群为一组16人的右胚子,健康男性,来观察他们的大脑对一天之内的对于奖励刺激的反应。
The volunteers were given a task where they had to guess whether the hidden value of a digital card on a screen was higher or lower than five. Guessing correctly earned a reward, while an incorrect guess was penalised.
志愿者需要完成在屏幕上猜电子牌的数是大于5还是小于5。猜对就得到奖励,猜错就会有相应的惩罚。
To motivate the volunteers, the researchers told them they would receive a bonus for the best of three trials conducted at three different times; 10 am, 2 pm, and 7 pm.
为了鼓励志愿者,每日测试三次分别在10点,下午2点,晚上7点累计的前三名,还会得到额外的奖励。
Watching their brains as they performed the task revealed a pattern of activity in a structure at the base of the brain called the putamen.
在他们完成任务的过程中,观察他们大脑组织中“豆状核”的活动模式。
This round blob of brain tissue manages a number of tasks, many revolving around learning and reinforcing behaviours that give the best chance of a good outcome. Having it primed at certain times over others can be interpreted as being ready to deal with an unexpected reward.
这种大脑组织中的圆形器官负责处理许多的任务,其中很多都是围绕产生有益的学习和巩固的行为。它会让实验参与者认为,只要比别人才对次数多,而且达到一定数量,就意味着能够得到额外的奖励。
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