Microwaves, like radio waves, are a type of of "non-ionizing radiation," meaning they don't have enough energy to knock electrons out of atoms, the FDA says. Microwaves are therefore not known to damage DNA inside cells, according to the American Cancer Society.
FDA称,和无线电波一样,微波是一种“非电离辐射”,这意味着微波不具有足以撞击电子使其脱离原子的能量。因此,美国癌症学会表示,并不认为微波会破坏细胞内的DNA。
In contrast, X-rays and gamma-rays are classified as "ionizing radiation," a type that does have enough energy to remove electrons from atoms and can damage cells and DNA.
相比之下,X射线和伽马射线则被列为“电离辐射”,这种类型的辐射确实具有足以使电子脱离原子的能量,并且能够损害细胞和DNA。
Even though microwaves don't pose the same health risks as X-rays, that doesn't mean they are risk-free. Microwaves heat food by causing water molecules to vibrate, which produces heat. In theory, microwaves can heat body tissues in the same way they heat food, and at high levels, microwaves can cause burns and cataracts, according to the FDA. But these types of injuries are very rare and have generally occurred when people are exposed to large amounts of radiation leaking through openings in the oven, such as gaps in the seal, the FDA says.
尽管微波不会与X射线一样对健康构成风险,但这并不意味着它们毫无风险。微波通过引起水分子振动从而产生热量来加热食物。据FDA称,理论上,微波会以与加热食物相同的方式使人体组织受热,而且在严重的情况下,可能导致烫伤和白内障。但是,FDA认为,这两种类型的伤害非常罕见,并且通常发生在人们接触到透过微波炉的开口(比如密封条的裂口)泄漏大量辐射的时候。
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