对政治和国际合作进程的担忧是合理的,但在任何国家,我们对政治的最好期待就是,它能够推动重大问题得到理性回应。如果无法在一些重大问题的原因或解决方案上达成共识,那么,要求一个政治体系持续采取强有力的行动就是没有道理的。糟糕的是,就目前的经济难题(特别是在各工业化经济体中)而言,情况相当大程度上就是如此。
While there is agreement on the need for more growth and job creation in the short run and on containing the accumulation of debt in the long run, there are deep differences of opinion both within and across countries as to how this can be accomplished. What might be labelled the “orthodox view attributes much of our current difficulty to excess borrowing by the public and private sectors, emphasises the need to contain debt, puts a premium on credibly austere fiscal and monetary policies, and stresses the need for long-term structural measures rather than short-term demand-oriented steps to promote growth.
尽管人们都同意,就短期而言,必须加快经济增长,必须创造更多工作岗位,就长期而言,必须控制债务增长,然而,各国内部和各国之间就如何实现这些目标存在深刻分歧。所谓的“正统观点认为,目前我们面临的大部分困难,都是公共和私人部门过度借贷造成的。这个观点强调控制债务的必要,看重实施可靠的紧缩性财政和货币政策,同时强调必须采取调整结构的长远举措,而非着眼于需求的短期举措,来促进经济增长。
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