明太祖朱元璋是历史上了不起的皇帝,他由一个放牛娃、寺庙里的小沙弥,经过十几年的戎马生涯,一举扫荡群雄、推翻元朝,开创了大明基业。他深知,创业难,守业亦难,因此十分重视对接班人的培养。他登上皇位的同时,就册立了长子朱标为皇太子,并延请名儒宋濂等人为太子之师,希望能将朱标培养成为一代明主。然而天有不测风云,洪武25年(1392年)四月,年仅38岁的皇太子朱标英年早逝,史称“懿文太子”,这令朱元璋异常伤心。朱元璋制定的嫡长子继承制受到了考验,朱元璋不得不重新选择他的继承人。而若根据嫡长继承制度,应该将皇位传给太子的长子,也就是虞怀王朱雄英,但是雄英于洪武15年(1382年)5月薨,这样朱标次子朱允炆就成为首选。
Zhu Yuanzhang, the emperor of Ming Dynasty, was a great emperor in history. After more than ten years of military career, he was a cowherd boy and a little monk in the temple. He wiped out all the heroes and overthrew the Yuan Dynasty at one stroke, creating the foundation of Ming Dynasty. He knows that it's hard to start a business, and it's also hard to stay in business, so he attaches great importance to the cultivation of successors. When he ascended the throne, he established Zhu Biao, the eldest son, as the crown prince, and invited famous scholars such as Song Lian to be the prince's teacher, hoping to cultivate Zhu Biao into a master of the Ming Dynasty. However, in April of the 25th year of Hongwu's reign (1392), Zhu Biao, the 38 year old crown prince, died prematurely, known as "Prince Yiwen", which made Zhu Yuanzhang extremely sad. Zhu Yuanzhang's system of inheriting his eldest son was put to the test. Zhu Yuanzhang had to choose his successor again. According to the system of succession, the throne should be passed on to the eldest son of the crown prince, Zhu Xiongying, the king of Yu Huai. However, Xiongying died in May of Hongwu 15 (1382), so Zhu Yunwen, the second son of Zhu Biao, became the first choice.
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