"This has already happened in several Asian countries, but aggressive quarantines, testing and contact tracing efforts have limited lockdowns to cities and regions, limiting the economic pain as well," Cosma wrote Friday in a note.

"Even if governments avoid lockdowns, a resurgence of cases could rattle consumers and businesses, stifling demand," she said.

U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Jerome Powell also warned that a second wave of COVID-19 infections could hurt public confidence and economic recovery.

"Even if you don't have a national level pandemic, just a series of local spikes could have the effect of undermining people's confidence in traveling, in restaurants, and entertainment, anything that involves getting people together in small groups," Powell said at a virtual press conference Wednesday afternoon. "It would not be a positive development."

But U.S. Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin said on Thursday that the country cannot shut down the economy again even if there is another surge in COVID-19 cases.

"We can't shut down the economy, again. I think we've learned that if you shut down the economy, you're going to create more damage, and not just economic damage, but there are other areas," Mnuchin said in an interview with CNBC.

Mnuchin also said he was prepared to return to Congress to request additional fiscal aid to help the economy and workers weather the pandemic.

"We're prepared to go back to Congress for more money to support the American workers. So, we're going to get everybody back to work," he said.

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